![]() ![]() In Birmingham, or "Bombingham," as the black locals called it because of the persistent racialized violence, this began to work. ![]() They also believed that if the jails filled to capacity, the police would realize the absurdity of their actions. The organizers believed that if the rest of the nation could see the violence that was inherent in the Jim Crow system, they would demand that change be made. In response, Police Chief Bull Connor told his men to ready the police dogs to attack and to aim water cannons at the children. ![]() When they ran out of adults, they trained college, high school, and elementary school students. ![]() Fred Shuttlesworth worked with King to fill the jail with protesters. Theirs was one of many such protests against Jim Crow segregation and violence that had occurred all over the country since the mid-1950s (blacks had resisted discrimination for centuries, but the Civil Rights Movement represented the largest and most coordinated time of resistance). Former Senator Doug Jones (D-AL) initiated the annual floor reading in 2019. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail in the United States Senate chamber. King was in the Birmingham jail cell with many others because they had violated the state and local segregation statues and exercised their constitutional rights to the freedom of assembly as part of the Birmingham Campaign. Senator Sherrod Brown (D-OH) led a bipartisan commemorative reading of Dr. ![]()
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